Cheek flap nose repair
Sushruta used a leaf as a template of the wound and a cheek flap to rebuild the nose. Another review dates his writings to 500 BC.[1][2]
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History
From cheek flaps in 600 BC to the first cosmetic operation in 1887 and preservation rhinoplasty: the steps that changed the operation.
Timeline
Sushruta used a leaf as a template of the wound and a cheek flap to rebuild the nose. Another review dates his writings to 500 BC.[1][2]
Tagliacozzi, professor of surgery at Bologna, improved the arm flap method used before him in Sicily and Calabria and published a book devoted to it.[1]
A letter in the Gentleman's Magazine of London described the Indian forehead flap. The account influenced Joseph Carpue and other European surgeons.[1][2]
Roe of Rochester, New York, described a simple operation to correct the pug nose, the first description of rhinoplasty for appearance.[1][2]
Joseph (1865-1934) reduced the dorsal hump by resection, stressed correcting the septum with it, and wrote texts that spread his methods. He is called the father of modern rhinoplasty.[1][2][3]
Rethi described a transverse columellar incision to reduce an overprojected tip. The mid-columellar incision carries his name.[1]
Cottle founded the American Rhinological Society in 1954, stressed the septum in shaping the nose and devised push-down hump reduction, which keeps the dorsum intact.[1][2]
Goodman published the external approach to rhinoplasty and later analyzed results in more than 200 patients.[1][2]
Sheen, author of the textbook Aesthetic Rhinoplasty (1978), described cartilage strips along the septum to rebuild the middle vault roof after hump removal.[1][2]
Gunter and Rohrich presented a systematic external approach for secondary rhinoplasty after more than 100 cases.[1]
Rohrich described a five-step hump reduction that separates and keeps the upper lateral cartilages to protect the internal valve and avoid the inverted-V deformity.[1]
Gerbault and colleagues reported 185 cases with the nasal bones shaped by ultrasonic instruments under direct view.[1]
Saban and Daniel reported 320 dorsal preservation operations with push-down and let-down. A 2023 review counted 5,967 preservation patients in 30 studies.[1][2]
Pioneers
Their papers set the methods in use today.
Described the first rhinoplasty for appearance, a correction of the pug nose.[1][2]
Resection of the dorsal hump with septal correction; called the father of modern rhinoplasty.[1][2]
Described the columellar incision used in open rhinoplasty.[1]
Founded the American Rhinological Society and devised push-down dorsal preservation.[1][2]
Published the external approach to rhinoplasty and its results in more than 200 patients.[1][2]
Wrote Aesthetic Rhinoplasty and described the spreader graft.[1][2]
External approach for secondary rhinoplasty and the lateral crural strut graft.[1][2]
Component dorsal hump reduction and the external approach for secondary rhinoplasty.[1][2]
The structure approach: repositioning and reinforcing nasal cartilage instead of excising it.[1]
Anatomy of the nasal SMAS and 320 dorsal preservation cases.[1][2]
Anatomy of the lateral crura and the revival of preservation rhinoplasty.[1][2]
Piezoelectric instruments for shaping the nasal bones.[1][2]